environment: every non genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
behavior genetics: the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior.
chromosomes: threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
genes: the biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protein.
genome: the complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism's chromosomes.
identical twins: twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms.
fraternal twins: twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. They are genetically no closer than brothers and sisters, but they share a fetal environment.
temperament: a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
heritability: the proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the ranger of populations and environments studied.
interaction: the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity).
molecular genetics: the sub field of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes.
evolutionary psychology: the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.
natural selection: the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction that survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
mutation: a random error in gene replication that leads to a change.
gender: in psychology, the biologically and socially influenced characeristics by which people define male and female.
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